Open History Book

Murad II and the Crusade of Varna

1421 – 1424: Murad and the pretenders

June 1421Murad becomes sultan, 1421 Summer – autumn 1421Mustafa takes Rumelia, 1421 January – spring 1422Mustafa at Ulubad, 1422 10 June – 6 September 1422The siege of Constantinople, 1422 August 1422 – February 1423Küçük Mustafa, 1422–1423 May 1423 – February 1424Thessalonica goes to Venice, 1423–1424

1424 – 1430: The beyliks and Thessalonica

1423 – 1426Cüneyd and the beyliks, 1423–1426 1424 – January 1429Germiyan and Karaman, 1424–1429 19 July 1427 – 1428Golubac, 1427–1428 Spring 1428 – July 1430Thessalonica, 1430 May 1428 – 1432Ioannina and the Morea, 1429–1432

1431 – 1438: Albania, Serbia and Transylvania

1431 – 1436The Albanian revolt, 1432–1436 1431 – 1436Smederevo and Wallachia, 1431–1436 1433 – 1437Karaman, 1433–1437 December 1437 – 1438The raid into Transylvania, 1438

1439 – 1442: Smederevo, Belgrade and Hunyadi

May – October 1439Smederevo, 1439 April – October 1440Belgrade, 1440 1441 – March 1442Novo Brdo, 1441 October 1441 – spring 1442Hermannstadt, 1442 August – December 1442The Ialomița, 1442

1443 – 1444: The Long Campaign

1 January – summer 1443The crusade is called, 1443 October – November 1443Niš, 1443 November – December 1443Zlatitsa, 1443 December 1443 – February 1444Kunovica, 1444 December 1443 – June 1444Skanderbeg and the League of Lezhë, 1444 March – August 1444Edirne and Szeged, 1444

1444: Varna

4 August – 9 November 1444The crusade breaks the truce, 1444 October – 9 November 1444The fleet in the straits, 1444

Battle of Varna, 1444

9–10 November 1444The armies at Varna 10 November 1444The lines 10 November 1444The wings 10–11 November 1444The king’s charge

11 November 1444 – autumn 1445After Varna, 1444–1445

1444 – 1448: Mehmed’s first reign and Murad’s return

November 1444 – August 1446Mehmed’s first reign, 1444–1446 October 1445 – September 1446Mokra and Otonetë, 1445–1446 Autumn – December 1446The Hexamilion, 1446 December 1447 – 4 October 1448Skanderbeg and Venice, 1447–1448 May – 14 August 1448Svetigrad and Oranik, 1448

1448: Kosovo

September – 17 October 1448Hunyadi’s march, 1448

Battle of Kosovo, 1448

17 October 1448The armies on Kosovo field 17–18 October 1448The wings 18–19 October 1448The night attack and the left wing 20 October 1448The fall of the camp

20 October 1448 – 1449After Kosovo, 1448–1449

1449 – 1451: Murad’s last years

1425 – 1450Bursa and Edirne under Murad II Early 1450 – 26 October 1450Krujë, 1450 3 – 18 February 1451Murad’s death, 1451

1421 – 1451

Murad II and the Crusade of Varna

Murad II's thirty years on the Ottoman throne: the pretenders of 1421 and 1422, the conquest of Thessalonica and Serbia, the wars with John Hunyadi and Skanderbeg, the Crusade of Varna in 1444 and the second battle of Kosovo in 1448.