September to December 1920
The Eastern front and the Treaty of Alexandropol
In late September 1920 Kâzım Karabekir's Eastern Front attacks the Armenian republic. It takes Sarıkamış, then Kars on 30 October and Gyumri (then Alexandropol) in November. The campaign frees the eastern divisions for the war in the west.
Kâzım Karabekir on the Pasinler plain, 1918Wikimedia Commons, Public domain (Karabekir at Pasinler plain in 1918, cropped.jpg)
The Treaty of Alexandropol is signed on 3 December 1920. Armenia gives up Kars and renounces the Treaty of Sèvres. The Armenian government has handed power to the Soviets the day before, and the Treaty of Alexandropol is never ratified. The Treaty of Kars fixes the border in October 1921.
The house in Gyumri where the treaty was signed on 3 December 1920Wikimedia Commons, Well-read MountainMan, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Дом 97 по улице Горганян.jpg)
Sources
- Andrew Mango, Atatürk (1999).
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